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I didn't remove the illumination wire from the cluster but I removed the entire cluster and all of the things that plugged into anything that the G-W wire was on. I'm thinking this should have eliminated any chance of it being something besides the wiring causing the problem. Does this make sense?
Yes, as long as the voltage on pin-8 has been isolated from any designed load other then the wire harness.
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Not sure that I'm following you about using a test light to jumper C-58 pin 8. Wouldn't this be the same thing as just plugging it back in? If so the fuse will pop under the hood again as soon as I turn on the parking lights unless there is something I'm missing.
With a good fuse and a test light across the de-pinned 8 ( test light being store bought, an 1157 as you mentioned, or whatever was handy, provided it has a 12volt rating) the light will act as any tail light that has 12 volts on one side and ground on the other side. It will light up and the fuse will not blow; it will light in your situation because there is a short to ground that is causing the fuse to blow. This set-up allows you to view the test light and move the wires around. When the light goes out you have broken the path to ground(your short); a good look at that section should reveal the problem.
From your account that the fuse did not blow when pin 8 was removed, the short to ground is then downstream from there, so to speak. Use of a light is just meant to be a convenient way of seeing when you eliminated the short without blowing a fuse whenever you want test the circuit.
Hope this helps some...